Definition & Clinical Appearance
Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the mucous membranes (conjunctiva) that line the inner surface of the eyelids and the whites of the eyes. It may be triggered either by an infection or an allergic reaction. Known as pinkeye because the blood vessels in the whites of the eyes dilate and redden, conjunctivitis is highly contagious when caused by an infection. Although usually not serious, conjunctivitis should be treated promptly to prevent possible complications and transmission to others.
Signs and Symptoms
• Redness of the white of the eye.
• Itching and a gritty sensation in the eye.
• Oozing discharge from the eyes.
• Excessive tearing.
• Dried crusts that form during sleep may bind the eyelids together.
• Swollen eyelids.
• Aversion to bright lights (photophobia).
Aetiology
Bacterial or viral infections are the most common cases of conjunctivitis. Allergies (to such things as pollen, cosmetics, and contact lens cleaning solutions) are a possible cause. Air pollution or chemical irritants may lead to conjunctivitis. Cervical infections (chlamydia, genital herpes, or gonorrhea) in a pregnant woman may result in potentially blinding conjunctivitis in the baby. A partially blocked tear duct is a possible cause.
Location
Eyes – mucous membranes that line the inner surface of the eyelids and the whites of the eyes.
Prophylaxis / Prevention
Try never to touch the eyes when, for example, handling contact lenses. Wash your hands often with soap and warm water. Change towels and pillowcases often. Do not share towels. Do not share makeup, replace cosmetics every 4 – 6 months. Avoid substances that trigger eye irritation.
Prognosis
With treatment, conjunctivitis generally disappears within 2 or 3 weeks.
Medical Treatment
First, consult a doctor or ophthalmologist to confirm the diagnosis. It is important to determine whether infectious conjunctivitis is bacterial or viral in origin. Bacterial conjunctivitis is the more serious of the two and requires treatment, viral conjunctivitis typically resolves on its own, without complication. Antibiotic or steroid eyedrops or ointments may be prescribed. Use as directed and be careful not to allow the tip of the eyedrop bottle to touch the eyes. For infectious conjunctivitis, soak a clean cloth in warm water, wring it dry, and apply it to the eye. For allergic conjunctivitis, apply cool compresses to the eye. Antihistamines may be recommended.