Definition & Clinical Appearance
A concussion is characterised by a brief loss of consciousness following an injury or blow to the head.
Signs and Symptoms
• Brief loss of consciousness.
• Headache, dizziness, and blurred vision.
• Occasional nausea and vomiting.
• Inability to remember events immediately prior to or following the injury.
• Drowsiness, mental confusion. Persistent insomnia, headaches, dizziness, irritability, moodiness, and depression. This combination of symptoms is known as post-concussive syndrome and may continue for several weeks or months.
• Slow thinking, impaired concentration, and slurred speed – known as punch-drunk syndrome – as a result of repeated concussions (an occupational hazard for boxers).
Aetiology
The blow is forceful enough to cause the brain to bump against the skull and temporarily disturb the normal electrical activity in the brain, but it is not traumatic enough to result in more severe injuries such as cerebral lacerations or bruises.
Contributing Factors
Automobile crashes, industrial accidents, and falls are the most common causes of head injury. Blows to the head sustained due to boxing, sports injuries, or physical assault may cause a concussion.
Start of Pathology / Onset
Injury to the head. Location Head - Brain Complications Repeated concussions may eventually cause permanent brain damage.
Prophylaxis / Prevention
Wear lap and shoulder belts in the car. Wear a helmet if you ride a motorcycle or bicycle. Wear protective headgear when playing sports.
Prognosis
Indeed, concussion is the mildest form of brain-skull impact, and full recovery generally occurs within 24 to 48 hours, however, repeated concussions may eventually cause permanent brain damage.
Medical Treatment
A doctor will recommend 24 hours of bed rest under observation. Avoid driving a car until the doctor has ruled out any complications. Acetaminophen or ibuprofen may be recommended to relieve pain. However, avoid aspirin as it may provoke internal bleeding.